Which Math Facts Should a Child Know in Each Grade?

Kindergarten: within 5

Fluency here means small sums like 3 + 2 and 4 − 1 come easily. Most of a kindergartner's math is still counting and comparing real things, so don't rush past that. Helpful practice: counting objects, splitting 5 blocks into two groups in different ways, and showing numbers on fingers. Use bonds of 5 and the plus 1 facts. If your state doesn't use Common Core, its standards are likely to differ somewhat, so check with your child's school.

First grade: fluent within 10, working to 20

This is the big year for strategies. Standard 1.OA.C.6 names counting on, making ten, breaking a number down to reach ten, using the link between addition and subtraction, and making equivalent easier sums. In practice, that means doubles, make 10 and fact families. Children aren't expected to know everything within 20 from memory yet, so a child who is working out 8 + 5 with a strategy is doing just what's intended.

Second grade: fluent within 20

By the end of second grade, the sums of two one-digit numbers should be known from memory. Subtraction facts within 20 should be fluent using mental strategies. If a child is still counting by ones, go back to the strategies for the group that's shaky, rather than drilling harder. The facts chart helps you spot which group. Check what to practice by age for a shorter map.

How to do it with Sumtown

1. Play two rounds of the game with your child to see their level.
2. Look at the chart and pick one group to work on.
3. Play a round a day, locked to that group: doubles, make 10 or plus 9.
4. Print a drill now and then to check.

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